java tutorials video

http://www.javaj2ee.net/core-java-video-tutorial?start=1

RandomStringUtils.java

http://www.koders.com/kv.aspx?fid=469723E78254774BEC5E0E17D580B2DA38BA3658

generating random characters

        import java.util.*;

       public class Test {

               private static Random rn = new Random();

               private Test()
               {
               }

               public static int rand(int lo, int hi)
               {
                       int n = hi - lo + 1;
                       int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
                       if (i < 0)
                               i = -i;
                       return lo + i;
               }

               public static String randomstring(int lo, int hi)
               {
                       int n = rand(lo, hi);
                       byte b[] = new byte[n];
                       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                               b[i] = (byte)rand('a', 'z');
                       return new String(b, 0);
               }

               public static String randomstring()
               {
                       return randomstring(5, 25);
               }
       }

Actual random numbers are obtained using nextInt(), and then knocked down to the relevant range using the modulo ("%") operator.

Valid characters in URL

Be careful with the characters you use in the OBJECT tag attribute. The set of "safe" characters in a URL is severely restricted by the various ways in which they are transported. According to the standard for URL syntax (Request For Comments 1738), only the following characters are allowed unescaped in URLs, aside from letters of the alphabet and digits:

+  -  =  .  _  /  *      (  )  ,  @  '  $  :  ;  &  !  ?

The special characters used in MINSE have been carefully chosen from this set so that you don't have to "escape" them in URLs (using a percent character and a hexadecimal number). After we set aside the parentheses, the comma, and the characters on the left, which are commonly used in expressions, we are left with just six choices for the macro escape character (the ampersand is inconvenient, because it needs to be represented as an entity; but much worse, far too many browsers are broken and will not parse SGML entities in attribute values). The single-quote was chosen for convenience, because it is a non-shifted key on North-American keyboards.

Anything that is not part of the "safe" character set must always be escaped in a URL. In particular, the percent character ("%") and the space must be escaped. Use the following codes:

for:     space     %
use:      %20     %25

Sorry about that, but i can't change the standard. There are good reasons for the decisions made in that document.

Valid characters in URL

URL encoding introduction

link

URL character encoding issues

link

URLs are sequences of characters, i.e., letters, digits, and special
  characters. A URLs may be represented in a variety of ways: e.g., ink
  on paper, or a sequence of octets in a coded character set. The
  interpretation of a URL depends only on the identity of the
  characters used.

  In most URL schemes, the sequences of characters in different parts
  of a URL are used to represent sequences of octets used in Internet
  protocols. For example, in the ftp scheme, the host name, directory
  name and file names are such sequences of octets, represented by
  parts of the URL.  Within those parts, an octet may be represented by
the chararacter which has that octet as its code within the US-ASCII
  [20] coded character set.

  In addition, octets may be encoded by a character triplet consisting
  of the character "%" followed by the two hexadecimal digits (from
  "0123456789ABCDEF") which forming the hexadecimal value of the octet.
  (The characters "abcdef" may also be used in hexadecimal encodings.)

  Octets must be encoded if they have no corresponding graphic
  character within the US-ASCII coded character set, if the use of the
  corresponding character is unsafe, or if the corresponding character
  is reserved for some other interpretation within the particular URL
  scheme.

  No corresponding graphic US-ASCII:

  URLs are written only with the graphic printable characters of the
  US-ASCII coded character set. The octets 80-FF hexadecimal are not
  used in US-ASCII, and the octets 00-1F and 7F hexadecimal represent
  control characters; these must be encoded.

  Unsafe:

  Characters can be unsafe for a number of reasons.  The space
  character is unsafe because significant spaces may disappear and
  insignificant spaces may be introduced when URLs are transcribed or
  typeset or subjected to the treatment of word-processing programs.
  The characters "<" and ">" are unsafe because they are used as the
  delimiters around URLs in free text; the quote mark (""") is used to
  delimit URLs in some systems.  The character "#" is unsafe and should
  always be encoded because it is used in World Wide Web and in other
  systems to delimit a URL from a fragment/anchor identifier that might
  follow it.  The character "%" is unsafe because it is used for
  encodings of other characters.  Other characters are unsafe because
  gateways and other transport agents are known to sometimes modify
  such characters. These characters are "{", "}", "|", "\", "^", "~",
  "[", "]", and "`".

  All unsafe characters must always be encoded within a URL. For
  example, the character "#" must be encoded within URLs even in
  systems that do not normally deal with fragment or anchor
  identifiers, so that if the URL is copied into another system that
  does use them, it will not be necessary to change the URL encoding.

Reserved:

  Many URL schemes reserve certain characters for a special meaning:
  their appearance in the scheme-specific part of the URL has a
  designated semantics. If the character corresponding to an octet is
  reserved in a scheme, the octet must be encoded.  The characters ";",
  "/", "?", ":", "@", "=" and "&" are the characters which may be
  reserved for special meaning within a scheme. No other characters may
  be reserved within a scheme.

  Usually a URL has the same interpretation when an octet is
  represented by a character and when it encoded. However, this is not
  true for reserved characters: encoding a character reserved for a
  particular scheme may change the semantics of a URL.

  Thus, only alphanumerics, the special characters "$-_.+!*'(),", and
  reserved characters used for their reserved purposes may be used
  unencoded within a URL.

  On the other hand, characters that are not required to be encoded
  (including alphanumerics) may be encoded within the scheme-specific
  part of a URL, as long as they are not being used for a reserved
  purpose.

main parts of URL

In general, URLs are written as follows:

     :

 A URL contains the name of the scheme being used () followed
 by a colon and then a string (the ) whose
 interpretation depends on the scheme.

 Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters. The lower case
 letters "a"--"z", digits, and the characters plus ("+"), period
 ("."), and hyphen ("-") are allowed. For resiliency, programs
 interpreting URLs should treat upper case letters as equivalent to
 lower case in scheme names (e.g., allow "HTTP" as well as "http").

using secure random and message direct to generate random nad unique number

The following method uses SecureRandom and MessageDigest :

• upon startup, initialize SecureRandom (this may be a lengthy operation)
• when a new identifier is needed, generate a random number using SecureRandom
• create a MessageDigest of the random number
• encode the byte[] returned by the MessageDigest into some acceptable textual form
• check if the result is already being used ; if it is not already taken, it is suitable as a unique identifier

The MessageDigest class is suitable for generating a "one-way hash" of arbitrary data. (Note that hash values never uniquely identify their source data, since different source data can produce the same hash value. The value of hashCode, for example, does not uniquely identify its associated object.) A MessageDigest takes any input, and produces a String which :

• is of fixed length
• does not allow the original input to be easily recovered (in fact, this is very hard)
• does not uniquely identify the input ; however, similar input will produce dissimilar message digests

MessageDigest is often used as a checksum, for verifying that data has not been altered since its creation.

Example

import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

public class GenerateId {

 public static void main (String... arguments) {
   try {
     //Initialize SecureRandom
      //This is a lengthy operation, to be done only upon
      //initialization of the application
      SecureRandom prng = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG");

     //generate a random number
      String randomNum = new Integer( prng.nextInt() ).toString();

     //get its digest
      MessageDigest sha = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
     byte[] result =  sha.digest( randomNum.getBytes() );

     System.out.println("Random number: " + randomNum);
     System.out.println("Message digest: " + hexEncode(result) );
   }
   catch ( NoSuchAlgorithmException ex ) {
     System.err.println(ex);
   }
 }

 /**
 * The byte[] returned by MessageDigest does not have a nice
 * textual representation, so some form of encoding is usually performed.
 *
 * This implementation follows the example of David Flanagan's book
 * "Java In A Nutshell", and converts a byte array into a String
 * of hex characters.
 *
 * Another popular alternative is to use a "Base64" encoding.
 */
 static private String hexEncode( byte[] aInput){
   StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
   char[] digits = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f'};
   for ( int idx = 0; idx < aInput.length; ++idx) {
     byte b = aInput[idx];
     result.append( digits[ (b&0xf0) >> 4 ] );
     result.append( digits[ b&0x0f] );
   }
   return result.toString();
 }
}

Example run :

>java -cp . GenerateId
Random number: -1103747470
Message digest: c8fff94ba996411079d7114e698b53bac8f7b037

generate unique ID using UUID utility in Java5

mport java.util.UUID;


public class UniqueID {

public static void main(String args[]){
UUID one = UUID.randomUUID();
UUID two = UUID.randomUUID();

System.out.println(one);

System.out.println(two);



}

}

to generate random characters

link

public class RandomCharacters {

private static void doRandomCharacters() {

double randomNumber;
double randomNumberSetup;
char randomCharacter;

System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------------");

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
randomNumber = Math.random();
randomNumberSetup = (randomNumber * 26 + 'a');
randomCharacter = (char) randomNumberSetup;
System.out.print(randomCharacter + ": ");
switch(randomCharacter) {
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o':
case 'u': System.out.print("vowel");
break;
case 'y':
case 'w': System.out.print("sometimes a vowel");
break;
default: System.out.print("consonant");
}
System.out.println(" - Random number was (" + randomNumber + ")");
}

System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("\n");
}


/**
* Sole entry point to the class and application.
* @param args Array of String arguments.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
doRandomCharacters();
}

}

what characters are valid in url?

The specification for URLs, RFC1738, limits the use of allowed characters to only a limited subset of the US-ASCII character set (2.2 URL Character Encoding Issues):

"The lower case letters "a"--"z", digits, and the characters plus ("+"), period("."), and hyphen ("-") are allowed.... In addition, octets may be encoded by a character triplet consisting of the character "%" followed by the two hexadecimal digits (from"0123456789ABCDEF") which forming (sic) the hexadecimal value of the octet. (The characters "abcdef" may also be used in hexadecimal encodings.)"

To insert, for example, the French accented à, you would use %E0 instead of the letter.

snake game

http://javaboutique.internet.com/Snake/source.html

When the snake game executes it looks like this....click here

parsing a string

study:

You are to create a console application that accepts exactly one command-line argument. If it doesn’t receive the argument, the application must display an error message and exit. The application must parse the text input and output the number of times each letter of the alphabet occurs in the text. Case sensitivity is not required.

For example, if the command-line argument is “baaad” the displayed result must be:

There are 3 A's
There are 1 B's
There are 0 C's
There are 1 D's
There are 0 E's
There are 0 F's
etc...

Result: In this we use Stream Tokenizer.

mport java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.StreamTokenizer;


public class Class1 {

public static void main(String[] av) throws IOException {
StreamTokenizer tf = new StreamTokenizer(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)));
String s = null;
char a[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R',
'S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'};

int count = 0;
int i, r=0,m=0;

while ((i = tf.nextToken()) != StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF) {
switch (i) {
/* case StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF:
System.out.println("End of file");
break;
case StreamTokenizer.TT_EOL:
System.out.println("End of line");
break;
case StreamTokenizer.TT_NUMBER:
System.out.println("Number " + tf.nval);
break;*/
case StreamTokenizer.TT_WORD:
s = tf.sval.toUpperCase();
System.out.println("Word, length " + tf.sval.length() + " " );
while(r<>

{if (s.charAt(p) == a[r])

count++;

}

System.out.println("There are " +count +a[r]);

count=0; r++; }

break;

default:

System.out.println("What is it? i = " + i);

} } } }

requirements for key generator

new class KeyGenerator
lives in a package: edu.gvsu.cri.utils

Research:
1. valid web characters for the url address
2. random key of n characters where n is the parameter of method
3. research methods of randomness i.e. method based on time stand.